1. Mitundu ya mpweya wa Laboratory
ed m'ma laboratories okhala ndi zida zolondola, mipweya yoyesera (gesi wa chlorine) ndi mpweya, mpweya woponderezedwa, ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi oyesera (gesi wa chlorine) ndi kuyesa kothandizira mu labotale, mpweya woponderezedwa, ndi zina zambiri. nayitrogeni, mpweya woipa), mpweya wa inert (grillets, sorbe), mpweya woyaka (hydrogen, acetylene), ndi mpweya wothandizira (oxygen), ndi zina zotero.
Mpweya wa labotale umaperekedwa makamaka ndi masilinda a gasi.Mpweya wapayekha ukhoza kuperekedwa ndi ma jenereta a gasi.Zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kusiyanitsa ndi kusaina: masilinda a okosijeni (wakuda buluu), masilinda a haidrojeni (mawu obiriwira obiriwira), masilindala a nayitrogeni (zilembo zakuda zachikasu), masilinda a mpweya (woyera wakuda), botolo la acetylene (lofiira loyera) botolo la carbon dioxide. (Zobiriwira ndi zoyera), masilinda (imvi wobiriwira), masilindala (abulauni).
2. Njira yoperekera mpweya wa Laboratory
Dongosolo lamagetsi la labotale limatha kugawidwa kukhala gasi wokhazikika komanso kuphatikizika kwa gasi molingana ndi njira yake yoperekera.
2.1. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gasi ndikuyika ma silinda a gasi kapena ma jenereta a gasi mu chipinda chilichonse chowunikira zida, pafupi ndi malo opangira gasi, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kupulumutsa gasi, ndi ndalama zochepa;Gwiritsani ntchito makabati oletsa kuphulika kwa gasi, kuti mukhale alamu komanso ntchito yotulutsa mpweya.Alamu imagawidwa kukhala alamu ya gasi woyaka komanso alamu yosayaka gasi.Kabati ya silinda ya gasi iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chachitetezo cha silinda ya gasi, ndi chida chokhazikika chachitetezo cha silinda ya gasi.
2.2.Kupereka kwa gasi wokhazikika ndi masilinda agasi osiyanasiyana omwe amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zoyesera, zonse zomwe zimayikidwa m'masilinda odziyimira pawokha kunja kwa labotale kuti aziwongolera pakati.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya imasamutsidwa ngati mapaipi pakati pa masilinda a gasi komanso molingana ndi zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa gasi kwa chidacho kumatumizidwa ku zida zosiyanasiyana zoyesera mu labotale iliyonse.Dongosolo lonse limaphatikizapo gawo lowongolera mphamvu yamagetsi amagetsi (mzere wolumikizira), payipi yamafuta (EP -level stainless steel chitoliro), gawo lachiwiri lowongolera diversion (gawo lantchito), ndi gawo lama terminal (cholumikizira, chodula. -off valve) yolumikizidwa ndi chida.Dongosolo lonse limafunikira kulimba kwa mpweya wabwino, ukhondo wapamwamba, kukhazikika, ndi chitetezo ndi kudalirika, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zida zoyesera zogwiritsira ntchito mosalekeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya.Kuthamanga kwa gasi ndi magalimoto zimasinthidwa panthawi yonseyi kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira za mayesero osiyanasiyana.
Gasi wokhazikika amatha kuzindikira kasamalidwe kapakati ka magwero a gasi, khalani kutali ndi labotale kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo chazoyeserera;komabe, payipi yoperekera mpweya imatsogolera ku gasi wotayika, ndipo gwero la gasi lidzatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa ku silinda ya gasi, yomwe siili yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito.
3. Mafotokozedwe achitetezo pakati pa ma silinda a gasi ndi masilinda a gasi
3.1.Silinda yamagetsi iyenera kuperekedwa ku botolo, ndipo mitundu ina ya gasi silingasinthidwe mwakufuna.
3.2.Chipinda cha silinda ya gasi ndicholetsedwa kukhala pafupi ndi magwero a moto, magwero a kutentha, ndi malo owononga.
3.3.Chipinda cha silinda ya gasi sichiloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito masiwichi ophulika - umboni ndi nyali, ndipo moto wowala ndi woletsedwa mozungulira.
3.4.Chipinda cha silinda ya gasi chiyenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zopumira mpweya kuti chizizizira.Pamwamba pa chipinda cha silinda ya gasi, payenera kukhala mabowo otayira kuti aletse kusonkhanitsidwa kwa haidrojeni.
3.5.Botolo lopanda kanthu ndi botolo lolimba zimayikidwa.Silinda yoyaka ndi kuphulika ya silinda ya gasi iyenera kukhala yolekanitsidwa ndi silinda ya mpweya.
3.6.Zomata monga valavu ya botolo, zomangira zolandirira ndi valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga ndizokhazikika, ndipo zowopsa monga kutayikira, waya wotsetsereka, ndi mapini a acupuncture nthawi zambiri samasakanikirana.
3.7.Pamene mpweya yamphamvu ayenera kusungidwa mowongoka pamene kusunga ndi ntchito, pamene ntchito malo si anakonza ndi kusuntha pafupipafupi, ayenera anakonza pa wapadera dzanja-m'manja galimoto kupewa kutaya.Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito.
3.8.Silinda ya gasi ndiyoletsedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku gwero lamoto, gwero lamafuta ndi zida zamagetsi, ndipo mtunda wochokera pamoto wowala siwochepera 10m.Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, silinda ya okosijeni ndi silinda ya mpweya wa acetylene sizingayikidwe pamodzi.
3.9.Botolo lopanda kanthu mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito liyenera kusunthidwa kumalo osungirako botolo opanda kanthu, ndipo chizindikiro cha botolo chopanda kanthu chiyenera kuletsedwa.
3.10.Mpweya womwe uli mu silinda ya gasi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zotsalira ziyenera kusungidwa.
3.11.Silinda yamagetsi iyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi.Njira yoyesera yogwiritsira ntchito ma silinda a okosijeni ndi masilinda a mpweya wa acetylene sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuyesa kwa masilinda amafuta amafuta ndi zaka 3, ndipo kuyesa kwa silinda ndi silinda ya nayitrogeni ndi zaka zisanu.
3.12.Silinda iyenera kuyikidwa mu chipinda chosungiramo silinda kunja kwa nyumbayo.Kwa kuchuluka kwa gasi tsiku lililonse osapitilira botolo limodzi, labotale imatha kuletsa silinda yamafuta amtunduwu, koma silinda yamafuta iyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo.
3.13.Payenera kukhala miyeso ya mpweya wabwino yomwe sikuyenera kuchepera katatu pa ola.
4. Kapangidwe ka mapaipi a gasi
4.1.Yiming, haidrojeni, mpweya ndi mapaipi gasi, ndi mapaipi osiyanasiyana gasi mu labotale.Pamene tsinde la mapaipi ndi ukadaulo wa mapaipi ali ndi mapaipi a haidrojeni, okosijeni, ndi gasi, payenera kukhala miyeso ya mpweya wabwino 1 ~ 3 nthawi/h.
4.2.Ma labotale ambiri omwe adapangidwa molingana ndi kuphatikiza kwa unit, mapaipi osiyanasiyana agasi ayeneranso kupangidwa molingana ndi kuphatikiza kwa unit.
4.3.Mapaipi a gasi a khoma la labotale kapena pansi ayenera kuikidwa mu manja ophatikizidwa, ndipo gawo la chitoliro mu manja liyenera kukhala ndi ma welds.Zida zosayaka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa payipi ndi manja.
4.4.Mapeto a mapaipi a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri.Chubu chopanda kanthu chiyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 2m pamwamba pa wosanjikiza ndipo chiyenera kukhala pamalo otetezedwa ndi mphezi.Zitsanzo ndi zophulika ziyenera kuperekedwanso paipi ya haidrojeni.Malo a chitoliro chopanda kanthu, doko lachitsanzo ndi pakamwa powomba ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuwomba kwa gasi ndikulowa m'malo mwa payipi.
4.5.Mapaipi a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni ayenera kukhala ndi chipangizo choyatsira pansi mpaka pamagetsi.Njira zoyambira ndi zolumikizirana zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zoyambira ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa motsatira malamulo adziko lonse.
5. Zofunikira pakupanga mapaipi
5.1.Mapaipi omwe amanyamula mpweya wouma ayenera kuikidwa mopingasa.Mapaipi omwe amanyamula mpweya wonyowa sayenera kuchepera 0.3% ya malo otsetsereka, ndipo otsetsereka ndi kotengera madzi a condenser.
5.2.Mapaipi a okosijeni ndi mapaipi ena a gasi amatha kuyikidwa mu chimango chomwecho, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa mtunda suyenera kukhala wosachepera 0.25m.Paipi ya okosijeni iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa mapaipi ena agasi kupatula paipi ya okosijeni.
5.3.Pamene payipi ya haidrojeni ndi mapaipi ake ochuluka a gasi aikidwa mofanana, katayanidwe kake sikuyenera kuchepera 0.50m;pamene mphambanoyo yayala, mipata siyenera kuchepera 0.25m.Mukayika zigawo, payipi ya haidrojeni iyenera kukhala pamwamba.M'nyumba mapaipi haidrojeni sayenera kuikidwa mu dzenje kapena kukwiriridwa mwachindunji.Osadutsa chipinda chomwe sichikugwira ntchito.
5.4.Mapaipi a gasi sayenera kuikidwa ndi zingwe ndi mizere ya sitolo.
5.5 .Mapaipi a gasi ayenera kukhala mapaipi opanda zitsulo.Gasi wokhala ndi chiyero cha gasi ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 99.99% ya mapaipi a gasi, mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mapaipi amkuwa kapena mapaipi opanda zitsulo.
5.6.Mipope ya gasi iyenera kukhala mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko.Gasi wokhala ndi chiyero cha gasi ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 99.99% ya mapaipi a gasi, mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mapaipi amkuwa kapena mapaipi opanda zitsulo.
5.7.Gawo lolumikizana la payipi ndi zida ziyenera kukhala mapaipi achitsulo.Ngati ndi payipi yopanda chitsulo, machubu a polytrafluoroethylene ndi polyvinyl chloride ayenera kutengedwa, ndipo machubu a latex asagwiritsidwe ntchito.
5.8.Gawo lolumikizana la payipi ndi zida ziyenera kukhala mapaipi achitsulo.Ngati ndi payipi yopanda chitsulo, machubu a polytrafluoroethylene ndi polyvinyl chloride ayenera kutengedwa, ndipo machubu a latex asagwiritsidwe ntchito.
5.9.Zida zama valve ndi zomata: Zida zamkuwa siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi a haidrojeni ndi gasi.Mapaipi ena a gasi amatha kupangidwa ndi mkuwa, chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chonyezimira.Zomata ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapaipi a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni ziyenera kukhala zapakatikati, zomwe siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwawo.
5.10.Vavu ndi gawo lolumikizana ndi okosijeni liyenera kukhala zinthu zosayaka.Mphete yake yotsekedwa iyenera kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi polytefluoroethylene.Chodzazacho chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi graphite kapena polytrafluoroethylene ndi kuchotsa mafuta.
5.11.Zinthu za flanges mu chitoliro cha gasi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi sing'anga yomwe imatengedwa mu chubu.
5.12.Kulumikizana kwa payipi ya gasi kuyenera kuwotcherera kapena kuwotcherera.Mapaipi a haidrojeni sayenera kulumikizidwa ndi ulusi, ndipo mapaipi amafuta amafuta apamwamba kwambiri ayenera kuwotcherera.
5.13.Kugwirizana pakati pa chitoliro cha gasi ndi zipangizo, valavu ndi zina zowonjezera ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi flange kapena ulusi.Zodzaza mawaya zophatikizira ulusi ziyenera kutengedwa ndi filimu ya polytetrafluoroethylene kapena chodzaza chotsogola ndi glycerin.
5.14.Ukadaulo wachitetezo pakupanga mapaipi amafuta uyenera kugwirizana ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi chotchingira moto chothandizira zida za haidrojeni ndi chitoliro cha hydrogen pazida zilizonse (gulu).
5.15.Mapaipi osiyanasiyana a gasi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2022